court https://en.ordoiuris.pl/court pl CJEU: questions from Polish courts on status of judges inadmissible https://en.ordoiuris.pl/civil-liberties/cjeu-questions-polish-courts-status-judges-inadmissible <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> CJEU: questions from Polish courts on status of judges inadmissible <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/116" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">filip.bator</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>czw., 01/11/2024 - 10:51</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <p class="text-align-justify"><strong>- The Court of Justice of the European Union has declared inadmissible preliminary questions from the District Court in Katowice and the District Court in Krakow in connection with an ongoing dispute over how judges are appointed in Poland.</strong></p> <p class="text-align-justify"><strong>- The courts asked the CJEU whether judges appointed at the request of the National Council of the Judiciary, which since 2018 has consisted mostly of parliamentary representatives, can be considered independent.</strong></p> <p class="text-align-justify"><strong>- The questions asked were aimed at determining whether the court can exclude such judges from hearing cases, as well as ignore the rulings they issue.</strong></p> <p class="text-align-justify"><strong>- The CJEU declared the preliminary questions inadmissible, stating that they were not related to the cases considered by the questioning courts.</strong></p> <p class="text-align-justify">The essence of this dispute concerns the question of whether judges' communities (as they were until 2017) or democratically elected parliamentarians (as they have been since 2018) should have the decisive influence on the selection of judges. Supporters of the first solution point to judges as best equipped to assess the qualifications of candidates for judicial positions. Supporters of the second solution, on the other hand, point to the need to strengthen the democratic legitimacy of the judiciary.</p> <p class="text-align-justify">Judges in Poland are appointed by the President of Poland on the proposal of the National Council of the Judiciary. The National Council of the Judiciary is a collegial body of 25 members, including 15 judges, six parliamentary representatives, a representative of the President of Poland, the Minister of Justice, the First President of the Supreme Court and the President of the Supreme Administrative Court. Until 2017, the 15 judicial members of the NCJ were elected by judicial circles, and since 2018 they have been elected by the Sejm. As a result, parliamentary representatives have a majority in the NCJ, and they have a decisive influence on which candidates will be presented to the President for judicial positions.</p> <p class="text-align-justify">The new composition of the Council has been criticized by some legal circles, according to whom the election of the majority of members by parliamentarians poses a significant risk that they will be guided by their political sympathies rather than their qualifications and experience when selecting judicial candidates. Since then, some 2,300 judges have been selected through the newly-formed NCJ, whose status is being challenged on charges of lacking independence from the legislative and executive branches of government. Over the course of several years, the Supreme Court, the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union have issued a series of rulings declaring that the method of electing the 15 judicial members of the NCJ needs to be changed, because the current method negatively affects public confidence in judges. </p> <p class="text-align-justify">The preliminary questions from the Cracow court and the Katowice court concerned doubts about whether judges of common courts appointed at the request of the newly formed National Judicial Council meet the requirements of EU law regarding independence and establishment with respect to national law. Also related to the questions raised was the issue of whether rulings issued by judges who did not meet these requirements could be declared null and void.</p> <p class="text-align-justify">The Katowice court's preliminary question was asked in connection with a complaint heard by a three-judge panel, with the participation of a judge appointed after March 6, 2018. The reporting judge wanted to determine whether such a composition of judges is compatible with EU law.</p> <p class="text-align-justify">The Krakow court's question, on the other hand, was posed by the judge in connection with a civil case that had already been heard, and which had been validly dismissed by a different composition of the same court, with the participation of a judge appointed at the request of the newly-formed CJEU.  </p> <p class="text-align-justify">However, the CJEU refused to answer the preliminary questions, indicating that they were formally inadmissible.</p> <p class="text-align-justify">"The Court provides the national courts with the elements of interpretation of EU law which are necessary for them to resolve the disputes pending before them, and that a reference for a preliminary ruling is not intended to give advisory opinions on general and hypothetical questions, but is to be dictated by the need for effective resolution of the dispute," the CJEU pointed out.</p> <p class="text-align-justify">Meanwhile, according to the Court, the preliminary questions raised concerned purely hypothetical issues.</p> <p class="text-align-justify">Even if the CJEU found that the said judges appointed under the new procedure that has existed since 2018 do not meet EU requirements, the questioning courts would have no legal basis for excluding them from adjudication or assessing the legality of their appointment. In the case of the Katowice Regional Court, the Court stressed that under Polish procedural regulations, the rapporteur judge is not authorized to exclude another member of the adjudicating panel. In contrast, in the case of the Regional Court in Krakow inquiring about a final decision, the Court noted that "this court has no jurisdiction either to 'exclude' the judge sitting on the bench that issued the decision, or to challenge that decision."</p> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Kategoria } <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--image.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * image-formatter--node--aktualnosc--field-zdjecie.html.twig x image-formatter.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/artykul_full/public/2024-01/AdobeStock_598896536.jpeg?itok=RpKDVz86" width="250" height="125" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div>Adobe Stock</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tagi--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--field-tagi.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-tagi.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> <hr> <ul class="tags_list"> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/court-justice-european-union" hreflang="pl">Court of Justice of the European Union</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/european-union" hreflang="pl">European Union</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/court" hreflang="pl">court</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/katowice" hreflang="pl">katowice</a></li> </ul> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> Thu, 11 Jan 2024 09:51:48 +0000 filip.bator 1485 at https://en.ordoiuris.pl Bulgaria's Supreme Court: judicial "sex change" is impossible https://en.ordoiuris.pl/family-and-marriage/bulgarias-supreme-court-judicial-sex-change-impossible <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Bulgaria&#039;s Supreme Court: judicial &quot;sex change&quot; is impossible <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/116" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">filip.bator</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>wt., 02/28/2023 - 16:29</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <p class="text-align-justify"><strong>· Bulgaria's Supreme Court has ruled that "gender reassignment" through legal proceedings is inadmissible under Bulgaria's current state of the law.</strong></p> <p class="text-align-justify"><strong>· The Supreme Court stressed that "gender is recognized at birth and defines a person until death."</strong></p> <p class="text-align-justify"><strong>· The ruling also pointed out that a person's "change of sex" would have a negative impact on his or her eventual spouse and children, and could lead to a mutual formal relationship between persons of the same sex inherent in marriage, which would be contrary to the Bulgarian Constitution.</strong></p> <p class="text-align-justify"><strong>· The Supreme Court also said that it would be up to the legislature, not the courts, to regulate the recognition of "gender reassignment," if any.</strong></p> <p class="text-align-justify">Bulgaria's Supreme Court noted that: "the substantive law in force on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria does not provide for the possibility to carry out, by means of judicial proceedings, based on the provisions of the Law on Population Registration, the change of data on gender, name and surname and uniform civil number in the civil status records of an applicant claiming to be a transgender person." This ruling ends a period of divergence in legal doctrine and inconsistent jurisprudence. Until now, in addition to rulings recognizing the impossibility of "gender reassignment," there have been some that allowed it.</p> <p class="text-align-justify">The Supreme Court's interpretive ruling came two years after the Bulgarian Constitutional Court ruled that the concept of gender, according to the Constitution, should be understood only in a biological sense, marking a return to the fundamental principles of law. Following this judgment, the Supreme Court pointed out that "the Constitution and all Bulgarian legislation are based on an understanding of the binary nature of the human species, gender is recognized at birth and determines a person until death, has a significant impact on many aspects of life, and determines the constitutional status of persons in social relations, including within the institutions of marriage, family and motherhood."</p> <p class="text-align-justify">The Bulgarian Supreme Court also pointed out that a person's legal "gender reassignment" also affects others - his or her children and spouse, and could negatively affect children and would lead to the constitutionally impermissible existence between persons of the same sex of the mutual formal relationship inherent in marriage. Both the Bulgarian Constitutional Court and now the Bulgarian Supreme Court state that whether a person who considers himself "transgender" can legally "change sex" is up to the legislature.</p> <p class="text-align-justify">"The ability to regulate the conditions and consequences of an individual's self-identification with the opposite sex does not belong to the court. Resolving this issue requires scientific judgment in more than one field of knowledge (biology, medicine, psychology, sociology, ethics, law). Only the legislature has the legitimacy to do so when considering the various scientific views and the values on which society operates." - concludes the majority of the Bulgarian Supreme Court's ruling panel.</p> <p class="text-align-justify">"The Bulgarian Supreme Court's ruling is another example of the country's commitment to universal and objective principles and the natural social order. Earlier, the Constitutional Court there ruled that the Istanbul Convention was incompatible with the Bulgarian Constitution, aptly pointing out that the adoption of the gender ideology on which the Convention is based makes it impossible in practice to effectively combat violence against women. The recent Supreme Court ruling also stands up for human nature, creating a dam in the way of the process of deconstructing gender categories," notes attorney Katarzyna Klimowicz, an analyst at the Ordo Iuris Institute.</p> <p class="text-align-justify">Judgment of February 20, 2023 (ref. 2/2020)</p> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Kategoria } <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--image.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * image-formatter--node--aktualnosc--field-zdjecie.html.twig x image-formatter.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/artykul_full/public/2023-03/AdobeStock_16596014.jpeg?itok=hbPJikNb" width="250" height="125" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div>Adobe Stock</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tagi--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--field-tagi.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-tagi.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> <hr> <ul class="tags_list"> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/bulgaria" hreflang="pl">bulgaria</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/marriage" hreflang="pl">marriage</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/lgbt" hreflang="pl">LGBT</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/court" hreflang="pl">court</a></li> </ul> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> Tue, 28 Feb 2023 15:29:30 +0000 filip.bator 1407 at https://en.ordoiuris.pl Ordo Iuris reminds ECtHR of the legal requirement to protect life https://en.ordoiuris.pl/life-protection/ordo-iuris-reminds-ecthr-legal-requirement-protect-life <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Ordo Iuris reminds ECtHR of the legal requirement to protect life <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/116" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">filip.bator</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>pon., 11/22/2021 - 13:07</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">· The European Court of Human Rights receives complaints trying to abolish the ruling of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal of 22 October last year and undermine the ban on eugenic abortion in Poland.</span></b></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">· <span style="color:black">Ordo Iuris Institute became a party in the ECtHR proceedings relating to these complaints, by presenting an amicus curiae opinion.</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">· <span style="color:black">The opinion notes that no international law gives anyone the right to abortion.</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">· <span style="color:black">There are, however, many international treaties which directly give each human being the right to live.</span></span></b></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="color:black">In July of this year, the European Court of Human Rights issued a formal notice to the Polish government of the receipt of twelve complaints against the ban on eugenic abortion in Poland. This is connected with the Constitutional Tribunal’s ruling of 20 October 2020 stating that the possibility of abortion due to the “serious chance of grave and irreversible foetal impairment or an incurable disease threatening its life” (which included such diseases as Dawn’s syndrome) is unconstitutional, in particular, is contrary to each human being’s right to live. Since then, eugenic abortion has become illegal in Poland.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="color:black">In the complaints submitted to the ECtHR, a group of twelve women of different age indicated the “potential infringement” of their right to respect private and family life (Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights). One of the complainants claims that shortly before the Constitutional Tribunal’s ruling, she “discovered that she was pregnant” and that “she felt very anxious until she received the test results.” Another woman writes in her complaint that although “she takes contraceptives and does not plan pregnancy” due to bad health, she is still “very worried that the Constitutional Tribunal’s ruling will have an impact on her situation.” All the women complain that they could become pregnant one day with a baby that is disabled.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="color:black">Ordo Iuris Institute immediately requested that the Tribunal admitted it to the proceedings as amicus curiae. In mid-October, the President of Section One of the European Court of Human Rights, Judge Ksenija Turković, issued a permission. At the beginning of November, Ordo Iuris Institute sent the amicus curiae opinion to the Tribunal in Strasbourg.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="color:black">The opinion included a reminder that none of the international human right treaties gives anyone the right to abortion; however, nearly each one of them gives everyone the right to live (Article 2 of the European Convention of Human Rights, Article 6(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Article 6 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child). It also quoted the opinion of UN Committee on<span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"> the Rights of Persons with Disabilities</span>, according to which the laws allowing abortion due to a child’s disability are incompatible with Articles 4, 5 and 8 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="color:black">“Our information indicates that the ECtHR continues to receive new complaints against the protection of the lives of unborn disabled children. We monitor the situation on an ongoing basis and we will intervene in future cases of this kind. In the current line of jurisprudence, ECtHR has been taking a peculiar stance; on the one hand it claims that unborn children do not have the right to live, but on the other hand, it recognises that the Convention does not give anyone the right to abortion, either. In ECtHR’s opinion, the question of legalising or banning abortion lies within the so-called margin of discretion of the Member States. So far, the Tribunal has been dismissing the complaints which directly tried to question the national law banning abortion in specific cases,” said Weronika Przebierała, Director of the Centre for International Law of the Ordo Iuris Institute.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"> </p> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Kategoria } <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--image.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * image-formatter--node--aktualnosc--field-zdjecie.html.twig x image-formatter.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/artykul_full/public/2021-11/AdobeStock_143657642.jpeg?itok=tRLIYSG-" width="250" height="125" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div>Adobe Stock</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tagi--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--field-tagi.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-tagi.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> <hr> <ul class="tags_list"> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/abortion" hreflang="pl">abortion</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/court" hreflang="pl">court</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/european-union" hreflang="pl">European Union</a></li> </ul> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> Mon, 22 Nov 2021 12:07:30 +0000 filip.bator 1252 at https://en.ordoiuris.pl Ordo Iuris complaint upheld. The case against Neil Datta continues https://en.ordoiuris.pl/civil-liberties/ordo-iuris-complaint-upheld-case-against-neil-datta-continues <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Ordo Iuris complaint upheld. The case against Neil Datta continues <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/116" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">filip.bator</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>pt., 10/15/2021 - 14:43</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-US">· The Court of Appeal in Warsaw has issued a decision in the case against Neil Datta - sued by the Ordo Iuris Institute for infringement of personal rights.</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-US">· The leftist activist, during a public hearing before two European Parliament committees, presented a series of manipulated information that put the Institute in a false light. </span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-US">· The Foundation filed a lawsuit in this case, which was rejected by the Regional Court in Warsaw due to the alleged lack of jurisdiction of Polish courts over the matter. </span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-US">· The decision was overruled by the Court of Appeal in Warsaw. Therefore individuals and organisations from Poland may seek justice before Polish courts in situations where their personal rights have been violated by citizens of other EU Member States.</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-US">Neil Datta - Secretary of the European Parliamentary Forum for Sexual and Reproductive Rights - took the floor at a public hearing of the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE) and Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality (FEMM) on 24 February 2021. In his speech he presented a series of manipulated and false information about the Ordo Iuris Institute, which he accused of i.a. creating "LGBT-free zones" and seeking to "legalise domestic violence". The statement was not spontaneous, it was based on a presentation which slides illustrated the words uttered, including those directly concerning the Institute. The entire committee meeting was broadcast live on the European Parliament's website and it was translated into the official languages of the European Union.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-US">As this was not the first attack of Neil Datta on Ordo Iuris, the Institute decided to file a lawsuit against him, demanding him to publish an apology and seeking compensation. According to the Institute's lawyers, Neil Datta has violated the good name and reputation of the Institute as a foundation and a legal think tank.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-US">The lawsuit was sent to the Regional Court in Warsaw on 1<sup>st</sup> of April 2021. However, by the order issued on 21 April 2021 (ref. no. II C 979/21) the court rejected the claim, holding that the Polish courts have no jurisdiction to hear the case. The court referred to an act of EU law, the Brussels I Bis Regulation, which regulates the issue of court jurisdiction within the territory of the EU Member States. Pursuant to Article 7(2) of the Regulation "A person domiciled in a Member State may be sued in another Member State: (...) in matters relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict, in the courts for the place where the harmful event occurred or may occur".</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-US">On the basis of the above mentioned provision, the Regional Court assumed that "(...) the place where the event causing the damage occurred is, in the case in question, the European Parliament (Strasbourg/Brussels), where Datta Neil delivered his speech, as well as the country in which the defendant was staying when he posted (published) the Internet articles contested by the claimant. According to the circumstances of the case Poland was not the country where the event causing the damage occurred. (...) The provision of the Brussels bis I Regulation unambiguously binds jurisdiction with the court of the place where the harmful event occurred or may occur, and not to the court of the place where the further consequences of that event occurred".</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-US">The Ordo Iuris Institute appealed against this decision, arguing that the Regional Court misinterpreted Article 7(2) of the Brussels I Bis Regulation. The Court relied exclusively on a linguistic reading of the provision and failed to take into consideration the broad case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union on jurisdiction in proceedings for the protection of personality rights in a situation where material that the claimant claims to have infringed its personal rights has been disseminated in more than one EU Member State, particularly where such dissemination has taken place via the Internet.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-US">The Court of Appeal in Warsaw, by the order of 15<sup>th</sup> of September 2021 (ref. no. V ACz 397/21), found the allegation of the complaint reasonable and overruled the decision appealed against. Sharing all the arguments presented by the Institute, the court came to the conclusion that "in a situation where claims for protection of personal rights are made and the information which according to the claimant's allegations infringes his/her personal rights has been disseminated via the Internet (the statement of the defendant was made in the European Parliament and was broadcast on-line and made available on its website), the claimant may have a choice as regards pecuniary claims (e.g. compensation for damage) and as far as non-pecuniary claims are concerned (e.g. request for an apology) it is reasonable to institute legal actions before the courts of the country where the claimant has his centre of interests.  Such an approach to jurisdiction corresponds to the objective of proper administration of justice. There is no doubt that the claimant's (i.e. the Institute's) centre of interests, due to its registered office and the area of its activity, is in the Republic of Poland, so there is no lack of jurisdiction of the courts of the Republic of Poland".</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-US">For the Ordo Iuris v. Neill Datta lawsuit, this means that the case is referred back to the Regional Court, which will have to deal with the merits of the case, i.e. take evidence and decide in a judgment whether Neill Datta's statements violated the Institute's personal rights. The decision of the Court of Appeal is also of broader significance since it confirms that individuals and organisational entities (such as foundations) from Poland may pursue their claims before Polish courts in situations where their personal rights have been infringed by persons acting within the European Union but outside Poland, especially when the information infringing personal rights has been disseminated via the Internet.</span></span></span></span></p> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Kategoria } <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--image.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * image-formatter--node--aktualnosc--field-zdjecie.html.twig x image-formatter.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/artykul_full/public/2021-10/AdobeStock_121466823.jpeg?itok=xGNsN4Fw" width="250" height="125" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div>Adobe Stock</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tagi--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--field-tagi.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-tagi.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> <hr> <ul class="tags_list"> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/neil-datta" hreflang="pl">Neil Datta</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/ordo-iuris" hreflang="pl">Ordo Iuris</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/court" hreflang="pl">court</a></li> </ul> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> Fri, 15 Oct 2021 12:43:07 +0000 filip.bator 1242 at https://en.ordoiuris.pl Czech Constitutional Court ruled out the possibility of concluding 'same-sex marriage' and homoadoption https://en.ordoiuris.pl/family-and-marriage/czech-constitutional-court-ruled-out-possibility-concluding-same-sex-marriage <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Czech Constitutional Court ruled out the possibility of concluding &#039;same-sex marriage&#039; and homoadoption <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/116" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">filip.bator</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>śr., 08/25/2021 - 15:24</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">• <b>The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic ruled that the constitution excludes the legal possibility of equating civil partnership with the institution of marriage understood as a union between a woman and a man.</b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">• <b>This is in response to the ongoing work in the Czech Parliament on a law on so-called marriage equality, which aimed to introduce 'same-sex marriages'.</b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">• <b>The Constitutional Court also ruled that the Czech constitution does not allow same-sex couples to adopt children. Back in 2015, this court ruled out the possibility of adoption by couples other than married couples.</b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">• <b>Thus, the Constitutional Court ended the state of uncertainty that had arisen in connection with the decisions of the common courts, which had ruled several times in favour of the possibility of adoption by civil partnerships.</b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">• <b>The judgement is also a message to the European Commission, which recently proposed to impose an obligation to recognise same-sex parenthood, despite the Union's lack of competence to regulate this issue.</b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">• <b>The Czech Constitutional Court ruled as far back as 2006 on the essentially superior role of the Czech constitution over EU law.</b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic, addressing the doubts raised by the common courts, ruled that under the Czech constitution, there is no legal possibility for same-sex couples to adopt children. Czech law allows adoption only by married couples, which, according to the constitution, can only be entered into by a man and a woman. These adoption law regulations are dictated, according to the court's reasoning, by concern for the child's welfare and the scientifically proven better psychosocial growth of children raised in homes with both male and female role models. Back in 2015, the same Constitutional Court rejected the possibility for unmarried couples to adopt children and argued at the time that such relationships were less stable. In the current ruling, it reiterated that 2015 judgement. The court also reiterated that it was necessary to prioritise the best interests of the child.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In connection with the draft in the Czech parliament aimed at introducing so-called marital equality, and thus leading to the implementation of the institution of 'same-sex marriage' in the Czech Republic (the institution of a civil partnership has been operating in the Czech Republic since 2006), the Constitutional Court also recalled that the Czech constitution does not provide the possibility of equating any other form of relationship with marriage understood as a union of a woman and a man. As in Poland, in the Czech Republic the institution of marriage remains under constitutional protection.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The judgement of the Czech Constitutional Court is also very important in the context of the European Union's increasingly unlawful attempts to interfere in the family law of member states. In April 2021, the European Commission announced that it would begin working on a regulation on the recognition of parenthood between Member States. The preliminary assumptions of the document indicate that the regulation will aim to bring about the acceptance of adoptions conducted in another country by same-sex couples. Despite the fact that on the basis of the EU Treaties, family law is the exclusive competence of the Member States, the European Commission is planning a profound interference in the system of family law by forcing Member States to formally accept situations in which another state has recognised same-sex parenthood.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In its judgement, the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic in principle leaves no other option than for the Czech Republic to veto the proposed regulation when the Council starts considering it. Due to the unanimity rule, one vote 'against' may lead to the rejection of the regulation.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As early as in 2006, the Czech Constitutional Court recognised that the recognition of primacy of EU law is only of conditional character (ref. Pl. US 50/0453), and in its judgement of 26 November 2008, it explicitly stated that the Czech Constitutional Court has the power to "issue final decisions and may adjudicate whether EU legal acts do not exceed the competences transferred to the Community bodies (ref. Pl.US. 19/08). The line of jurisprudence developed by the Czech Constitutional Court has also already been successfully used to challenge the CJEU judgement on the so-called Slovak pensions. </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">'The Czech Constitutional Court recalled and confirmed the constitutional values on which the entire local legal and social order is based. Without a doubt, the verdict, which confirms the identity of marriage as a union of a woman and a man, the primacy of the child's welfare over the ambitions of adults, and the concern for the best conditions for the development of a young person is opposed to political correctness, is a very important step reminding us that we all live in a legal order that must be respected regardless of political trends. In view of the increasing attempts of the European Union to interfere with the family law of the Member States, this judgement should also be interpreted as an announcement of opposition to the violation of the Union's competences in this area', commented Anna Kubacka from the Center for International Law.</span></span></span></p> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Kategoria } <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--image.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * image-formatter--node--aktualnosc--field-zdjecie.html.twig x image-formatter.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/artykul_full/public/2021-08/AdobeStock_204383043.jpeg?itok=ZkY1tqn_" width="250" height="125" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div>Adobe Stock</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tagi--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--field-tagi.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-tagi.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> <hr> <ul class="tags_list"> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/czech-republic" hreflang="pl">czech republic</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/court" hreflang="pl">court</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/constitution" hreflang="pl">constitution</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/marriage" hreflang="pl">marriage</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/lgbt" hreflang="pl">LGBT</a></li> </ul> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> Wed, 25 Aug 2021 13:24:33 +0000 filip.bator 1226 at https://en.ordoiuris.pl CJEU fails the test of the rule of law and respect for the right to a trial https://en.ordoiuris.pl/life-protection/cjeu-fails-test-rule-law-and-respect-right-trial <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> CJEU fails the test of the rule of law and respect for the right to a trial <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/116" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">filip.bator</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>czw., 07/08/2021 - 10:29</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">• <b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">The Court of Justice of the European Union refused to consider the complaint of the Ordo Iuris Institute against the European Parliament resolution </span></b>“<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">on the de facto ban on abortion in Poland</span></b>”<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">.</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">• <b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">According to Ordo Iuris, the resolution violated the rule of law and personal interests of the Institute.</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">• <b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">In the opinion of the Institute</span></b>’<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s lawyers, the Court</span></b>’<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s decision constitutes a violation of the right to a trial.</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">• <b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">Ordo Iuris announces that it will file an appeal against the Court</span></b>’<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s decision.</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">On 26 November 2020, the European Parliament passed a <span class="MsoHyperlink" style="color:blue"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="color:#0563c1"><a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2020-0336_PL.html" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline"><span style="color:#0563c1">resolution</span></a></span></span></span> </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">on the de facto ban on abortion in Poland</span>”<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">. The resolution raises serious concerns, not only of a legal nature. They concern the lack of competence of the EU to deal with the assessment of the law protecting life in a Member State, the numerous statements of an ideological nature contained therein, and the opinions presented therein testifying to a complete lack of understanding not only of the political but also of the legal situation in Poland.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">In addition, the resolution includes a sentence directly referring to the Ordo Iuris Institute. It was called a </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">fundamentalist organisation</span>”<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">, </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">closely linked to the ruling coalition</span>”<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">, intended to be </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">the driving force behind campaigns aimed at undermining human rights and gender equality in Poland</span>” <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">and calling for the creation of </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">LGBTI-free zones</span>”<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">Ordo Iuris complaint to the CJEU</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">As a result, the Institute challenged the resolution before the CJEU, pointing out that the European Parliament exceeded its own and the European Union</span>’<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s competences, as conferred by the Member States in the founding treaties, and infringed the provisions of those Treaties, including in particular the rule of law. It is not within the competence of the EU to decide on the </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">availability</span>” <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">of abortion in the Member States, to recognise abortion as a human right, and to verify whether the legal systems of the Member States guarantee this </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">right to abortion</span>” <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">within the institutions of the rule of law. The Institute also alleged that the resolution unreliably presents the norms of international law, assuming that the right to abortion or sexual and reproductive rights belong to human rights and as such are protected by legal institutions created for this purpose.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">Ordo Iuris also emphasised in its complaint that the resolution violates the principle of the rule of law, recognised by the Treaty on European Union in Article 2 as one of the fundamental values on which the Union is based. This violation consisted in the inclusion of untrue and damaging statements against the Ordo Iuris Institute, damaging the personal interests of the Institute as a foundation and legal person, which should be unacceptable in a Union legal system guaranteeing the rule of law.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">A test for the European Union</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">The Institute was aware that the admissibility of the complaint against the resolution might be controversial in light of Article 263 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), which was the legal basis for the complaint. The question of whether the CJEU admits the complaint and deals with the substance of the allegations raised therein was intended by Ordo Iuris to be a test for the European Union of the rule of law and the fundamental right to a fair trial, which is protected by EU law in Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">The abovementioned Article 263 of the TFEU does not clearly define what acts of EU organs or bodies may be challenged before the Court for annulment. The Member States, in the successive treaties amending the founding Treaties, and the CJEU in its case law, have extended the range of acts that can be challenged in this way and the range of entities that can lodge a complaint. This was motivated precisely by the right to a trial.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">The doctrine of EU law and opinions of Advocates General of the Court have recognised tension between the fact that numerous acts issued by various EU institutions produce different legal effects and interfere with the sphere of rights of individuals (natural and legal persons), and the fact that the rule of law and the right to a trial as a fundamental right require that an individual who feels affected by such an act should have an effective legal remedy to challenge its legality. This is why demands are still being made, and not from Eurosceptic circles, to extend the possibilities of challenging acts of the EU institutions.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">Such an extension could be achieved by amending the EU treaties or, as has already happened, by changing the case law of the CJEU. Therefore, the purpose of the complaint filed by Ordo Iuris, apart from challenging the European Parliament</span>’<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s resolution (which should be considered defective for many reasons), and indirectly defending the rights of the Institute itself, whose personal rights were violated in the resolution, was precisely to open a wider way for EU citizens to challenge acts issued by its institutions.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">The test of the rule of law and respect for the right to a trial has not been passed by the European Union. The Court has not dealt with the complaint at all. However, it did not rule </span>– <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">as might have been expected if the Court had not decided to modify its previous approach </span>– <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">that the Institute was not entitled to a complaint under Article 263 of the TFEU, or that an act such as the contested resolution was not subject to review by the CJEU, but resorted to a purely procedural solution.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">The issue of the representative</span></b>’<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s independence</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">The Court stated that the representative (legal adviser) who lodged the complaint on behalf of the Institute </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">does not have the status of an independent third party in relation to the complainant [the Institute]</span>”<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">. This allowed the Court to </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">dismiss the complaint as inadmissible without considering whether the contested act is an act that can be challenged</span>”<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">In this arbitrary manner, the Court has greatly expanded the already demanding requirements in its case-law as to the status of representatives who lodge complaints on behalf of complainants. To date, it has held that such a representative (advocate or legal adviser) may not be employed by the complainant under an employment contract and may not hold positions with significant administrative and financial power at management level. This is why the Institute entrusted the case and representation (in addition to the advocate and legal adviser, who are members of the management board) to a legal adviser who independently provides legal services within a law firm cooperating with the Institute.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">As regards the Ordo Iuris complaint, the Court found that there were links between this very representative (legal adviser), who had lodged the complaint on behalf of the Institute, and the Institute, which </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">clearly impaired</span>” <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">his [the representative</span>’<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s] ability </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">to defend the complainant</span>’<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s best interests with complete independence</span>”<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">. In this respect, it considered the absence of the representative</span>’<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s employment with the Institute, the absence of any function within its structure, and the independence resulting from membership in a profession of public trust to be insufficient guarantees. Instead, according to the Court, the disqualifying relationship of the representative with Ordo Iuris was determined by the fact that </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">there is a de facto link in the form of professional cooperation</span>” <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">between him and the Institute. These consist in the fact that he is a lawyer providing legal assistance to the Institute</span>’<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s beneficiaries within the framework of the litigation intervention programme and that he cooperates with a law firm whose partner is the President of the Foundation.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">Consequences of the ruling</span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">This interpretation has appeared for the first time in the case law of the Court. It leads to at least three important consequences. First, any lawyer who cooperates with a client (even if he or she simultaneously provides services to multiple entities) may now prove to be insufficiently independent to conduct proceedings for that client before the Court, as there will be a </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">de facto link in the form of professional cooperation</span>”<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">. Second, there are no clear and specific criteria in the provisions or in the Court</span>’<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s case law for assessing whether this de facto connection impairs the ability of the representative to </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">defend with full independence the best interests</span>” <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">of his or her client. Third, the Court</span>’<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s decision as to whether a particular representative has this capacity is entirely discretionary and unverifiable in practice.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">This far-reaching concern of the Court to ensure that the Ordo Iuris Institute is represented in the proceedings before it by a representative capable of </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">defending the best interests of the Institute with full independence (...)</span>” <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">led the Court to reject the Institute</span>’<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s complaint as </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">clearly inadmissible</span>” <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">and not to address the merits of the case at all.</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">In the Institute</span>’<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s view, this constitutes a serious breach of the right to a trial as a fundamental right and of the rule of law. The Court has created new conditions for the </span>“<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">independence</span>” <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">of representatives, which are purely arbitrary and unjustified by the provisions of the law and its previous case-law. In this way, it deprived the Institute of the right to consider the submitted complaint. Therefore, Ordo Iuris intends to appeal against the ruling issued (it is a first-instance ruling for the time being).</span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">Notwithstanding the foregoing, Ordo Iuris intends to appeal to the CJEU in another available procedure, namely under Article 340 of the TFEU, which allows the European Union to seek redress for damage caused by its institutions. In this case, it would be the matter of protecting personal rights violated by the European Parliament</span>’<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">s issuance of a resolution containing untrue and damaging statements about Ordo Iuris. This will be another test of the rule of law in the European Union </span>– <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif" xml:lang="EN-GB">whether it allows protection of personal rights at a level at least similar to that in force in, for example, Polish civil law.</span></span></span></span></p> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Kategoria } <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--image.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * image-formatter--node--aktualnosc--field-zdjecie.html.twig x image-formatter.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/artykul_full/public/2021-07/AdobeStock_171759438.jpeg?itok=AIvj8Rmb" width="250" height="125" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div>Adobe Stock</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tagi--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--field-tagi.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-tagi.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> <hr> <ul class="tags_list"> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/court" hreflang="pl">court</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/european-parliament" hreflang="pl">European Parliament</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/abortion" hreflang="pl">abortion</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/ordo-iuris" hreflang="pl">Ordo Iuris</a></li> </ul> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> Thu, 08 Jul 2021 08:29:02 +0000 filip.bator 1214 at https://en.ordoiuris.pl Opinion of Ordo Iuris Institute in regard of judiciary reforms in Poland https://en.ordoiuris.pl/civil-liberties/opinion-ordo-iuris-institute-regard-judiciary-reforms-poland <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--title--analiza-prawna.html.twig * field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--analiza-prawna.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/analyses_block/field--node--title--analiza-prawna.html.twig' --> Opinion of Ordo Iuris Institute in regard of judiciary reforms in Poland <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/analyses_block/field--node--title--analiza-prawna.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--analiza-prawna.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--analiza-prawna.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/116" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">filip.bator</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--analiza-prawna.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--analiza-prawna.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>wt., 12/01/2020 - 13:29</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--body--analiza-prawna.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--analiza-prawna.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/analyses_block/field--node--body--analiza-prawna.html.twig' --> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><strong><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This opinion has been prepared in connection with the provisional agreement on a new general regime of conditionality to protect the EU budget, which reflects the dissatisfaction of EU institutions with the directions of judicial reforms in Poland and Hungary.</span></span></span></strong></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">This opinion presents content and consequences of the abovementioned agreement and explains selected problems related to the reform of the judiciary in Poland carried out in 2015-2020, i.e. the CJEU judgments against Poland, biased position of EU Commission against Poland, changes in the criminal and civil procedure, and controversy over the method of appointing judges.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"> </p> <ol><li style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt 36pt; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b>Provisional agreement on a new general regime of conditionality to protect the EU budget</b></span></span></span></li> </ol><p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In November the European Parliament and the Council adopted provisional agreement on a new general regime of conditionality to protect the EU budget, which is linked to the next Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) and the post-pandemic recovery plan.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The agreement, which builds on the Commission’s proposal, establishes rules to protect the EU budget in case of breaches of the principles of the «rule of law» in Member States. According to the draft agreement, the rule of law requires that all public powers act within the constraints set out by law, in accordance with the values of democracy and the respect for fundamental rights as stipulated in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and other applicable instruments, and under the control of independent and impartial courts. It requires, in particular, that the principles of legality, including a transparent, accountable and democratic process for enacting law, legal certainty, prohibition of arbitrariness of the executive powers, separation of powers, access to justice and effective judicial protection by before independent and impartial courts are respected (para. 2 of the preamble). The agreement states three examples of indicative cases of breaches of the rule of law: 1) endangering the independence of judiciary; 2) failing to prevent, correct and sanction arbitrary or unlawful decisions by public authorities, including by law enforcement authorities, withholding financial and human resources affecting their proper functioning or failing to ensure the absence of conflicts of interests; 3) limiting the availability and effectiveness of legal remedies, including through restrictive procedural rules, lack of implementation of judgments, or limiting the effective investigation, prosecution or sanctioning of breaches of law (Article 2a of the agreement).</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Sanctions may be imposed if breaches of the principles of the rule of law in a Member State affect or seriously risk affecting the sound financial management of the EU budget or the protection of the financial interests of the Union in a sufficiently direct way (Article 3 (1) of the agreement). </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The procedure is initiated by the Commission when it has «reasonable grounds» that the conditions of Article 3 are fulfilled i.e. there is a breach of the rule of law affecting the EU’s financial interests or that there is a serious risk of that happening (Article 5 (1) of the agreement). It will then have to carry out an assessment within not less than one month nor more than three months, although the Member State in question may submit observations (Article 5 (4) of the agreement). If the remedial measures proposed by the Member State are not deemed sufficient, the Commission must submit, within one month (Article 5 (6) of the agreement), a proposal to the Council for an implementing act on the appropriate measures, where a decision must be made in no more than three months (Article 5 (7) of the agreement).</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">While still pending official approval by the Parliament, the new mechanism will enter into force on 1 January 2021 (Article 8 of the agreement). The Commission shall report to the European Parliament and the Council on the effectiveness of application of this mechanism in three years (Article 7a of the agreement). </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In the opinion of the Ordo Iuris Institute, the adopted agreement exceeds the powers of the European Union, which is not authorized to interfere in cases reserved to the Member States, which include, in particular, the judicial system. The EU treaties clearly define the catalogue of EU powers and there is no judicial system among them (Art. 3, 4, 6 of TFEU), except power to facilitate access to justice (Art. 67 (4) TFEU). </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">A similar position has already been expressed in the opinion of the Council Service of the European Union: <i>Respect of the rule of law by the Member States cannot be, under the Treaties, the subject matter of an action by the institutions of the Union irrespective of the existence of a specific material competence to frame this action, with the sole exception of the procedure described at Article 7 TEU.  Only this legal basis provides for a Union competence to supervise the application of the rule of law, as a value of the Union, in a context that is not related to a specific material competence or that exceeds its scope.</i><a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Regardless of this, the Ordo Iuris Institute would like to point out to vagueness of the notion of the rule of law. It is defined neither in the Treaties nor in the above-mentioned agreement. Establishing a standard common to all 27 Member States of the European Union, containing specific guidelines on the status of the judiciary, is extremely difficult, if possible at all. This raises the questions such as: whether this common standard requires the existence of a constitutional judiciary? any form of judicial constitutional review? does it assume a specific model for selecting judges ?; excludes the possibility of government and parliament influencing the judges' election process?</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As it is well-known, there are various solutions in the Member States in the area of ​​the review of the constitutional law, the manner of selecting judges and court procedures. Harmonisation of the judiciary system within the entire European Union would require profound changes not only in Poland, but also in most Member States, because many of them do not have a constitutional court at all, and the appointment of judges is influenced by the government or parliament (which will be discussed later).</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Therefore, in the Ordo Iuris Institute's opinion, these differences should be respected, in line with the principle of the constitutional identities of the Member States (Art. 4 (2) TEU).</span></span></span></p> <ol start="2"><li style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt 36pt; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b>CJEU case-law in regard of judiciary reforms in Poland </b></span></span></span></li> </ol><p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The rulings of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the case of the Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a>, legislation on the disciplinary liability of judges<a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a> and on the retirement of some judges of the Supreme Court<a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a> were, in our opinion, issued <i>ultra vires</i>, i.e. with exceeding their powers. The role of the Court is to interpret EU law, and EU law is silent on how national judges should be elected and on rules of judicial procedure in Member States (Art. 267 TFEU).</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Despite that fact, all CJEU’s rulings have been fully implemented by the Polish authorities. Provisions ordering compulsory retirement of current Supreme Court judges in age of 65 or older have been abolished and Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court ceased to consider disciplinary cases against judges. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"> </p> <ol start="3"><li style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt 36pt; margin-right:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b>Biased policy of the European Commission in regard of protecting rule of law </b></span></span></span></li> </ol><p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In 2017, the European Commission initiated proceedings against Poland pursuant to Art. 7 of the Treaty on European Union<a href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref6"><sup><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[6]</span></span></span></sup></sup></a>, and launched the infringement procedure in 2019 under Art. 258 of the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union<a href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref7"><sup><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[7]</span></span></span></sup></sup></a> in connection with the alleged threat to the rule of law. In the opinion of the Ordo Iuris Institute, the actions of the European Commission are unjustified and constitute indication of biased assessment of certain Member States. The European Commission accuses Poland of a lack of the rule of law, while it does not respond to far more serious infringements of the law in other Member States.For instance, no action has been undertaken to the open questioning of judgments of the Court of Justice by courts in Spain, as well as to the unacceptable acts of violence by the French police against demonstration participants and journalists.</span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">For example, in 2019 <b>Spanish Supreme Court</b> ruled that MEP Oriol Junqueras should not be released from prison, denying him immunity as a  Member of the European Parliament. The Supreme Court refused to obey CJEU’s judgment, according to which Junqueras should be entitled to immunity and should be allowed to travel to a Spanish swearing-in ceremony at the parliament.<a href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref8"><sup><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[8]</span></span></span></sup></sup></a></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Moreover, since 2018 there were numerous reports regarding severe violations of freedom of assembly and freedom of expression in <b>France</b>. 2,945 protesters were injured during protests of “Yellow Vests”. At least 25 protesters lost an eye and five protesters lost a hand as a result. Steve Maia Caniço, a 24-year-old man, and Zineb Redouane, an 80-year-old woman, both died during law enforcement operations. In March, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights recommended a “full investigation” into allegations of excessive use of force by police. According to Amnesty International, at the end of the year, the authorities had not set up any independent mechanisms to investigate such allegations. In October, a police unit tasked with investigating allegations of excessive use of force by police had opened 313 criminal investigations since the beginning of the movement. At the end of the year, <b>only one police officer</b> had been convicted for unlawful use of force during the protests. In the first six months of the year, around 11,000 protesters were placed in pre-charge detention and more than 3,000 people were convicted, mostly through fast-track proceedings. Hundreds of protesters were arrested and prosecuted for conduct that is protected by human rights law, including contempt of public officials, concealing the face or failure to comply with notification requirements. In the first nine months of the year, 954 protesters were convicted for “forming a group with a view to committing violence”, a vaguely defined offence which allowed arrests of protesters who had not engaged in any violent act. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Also hundreds of journalists reported injuries while covering the protests. On 5 December alone, 34 journalists were injured during protests against the pension reform. In most of these cases the injuries resulted from excessive or arbitrary use of police force. Independent journalists Gaspard Glanz and Taha Bouhafs were arrested and prosecuted for charges including contempt and rebellion. In November, the former was convicted to a €300 fine for contempt of public officials. Intelligence services  summoned at least nine journalists for a hearing in the context of a preliminary investigation into the “Yemen papers”, a series of publications of classified documents that proved that the weapons that the government had sold to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates were likely to be used against the civilian population of Yemen.<a href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref9"><sup><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[9]</span></span></span></sup></sup></a></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">European Commission never even considered initiating Article 7 TEU or infringement procedure against Spain nor France. </span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"> </p> <ol start="4"><li style="margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:0cm; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">State of the judiciary in Poland</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></li> </ol><p style="margin:0cm; text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">In our opinion, the government of Law and Justice was extremely active in the field of reforms of the justice system in 2015-2020, and many changes deserve a moderately positive assessment, especially the major reform of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Code of Civil Procedure and democratisation of appointment of judges procedure. However, the Ordo Iuris Institute is aware that these reforms have not yet brought significant improvements in functioning of the judiciary. The statistics show that the waiting time for the verdict continues to increase every year. For example, </span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">in 2014, Polish courts of first instance needed an average of 203 days to adjudicate a civil or commercial case, in 2016 it was already 225 days, and in 2018 as much as 273 days (an increase of 34%). Meanwhile criminal courts needed an average of 99 days to hear a penal case in 2014.</span></span></span> <span lang="EN" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Two years later, there was a slight improvement in pace and the courts were able to adjudicate in 95 days, but in 2018 the pace slowed again and the average time was again 99 days.</span></span></span><a href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"> The Court Watch Polska Foundation's research shows that the transparency of the judicial appointment procedure is still low, and the criteria for selecting candidates for judges by the National Council of the Judiciary in many cases remain unclear.<a href="#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin:0cm; text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><strong><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">4.1. Reform of civil procedure in Poland</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></strong></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As part of the reform of the civil procedure, the following changes were made:</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- new, accelerated economic procedure for entrepreneurs; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- only one hearing is to be held in less complex cases.To this end, a preparatory hearing takes place before the hearing, during which the judge and the parties prepare a detailed plan of the procedure; - extending the possibility of giving written evidence; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- the possibility of financial sanctioning a party acting in bad faith in order to extend the trial; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- repeated complaints in already resolved cases will be included in the files without the court issuing repeated decisions; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- the possibility of recording the hearings by the parties themselves, provided the court is notified thereof; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- in cases against companies, the plaintiff will be able to choose whether the lawsuit will be heard by a court located in his town or nearby, or where the company is based.<a href="#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref12"><sup><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[12]</span></span></span></sup></sup></a></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b>4.2. <span style="color:#1b1b1b">Reform of criminal procedure in Poland </span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">As part of the reform of the criminal procedure: </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- the anachronistic obligation requiring judges to read full judgment in the empty court room even has been abolished;</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- special forms have been introduced for the preparation of justifications of judgments; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- the judges were released from the obligation to orally name at the hearing all the protocols and documents constituting evidence. Until now, they had such an obligation, which was regarded as significant problem in complicated cases, in which hundreds of volumes of files are placed on the table of judges, causing enormous prolongation of the proceedings i.e. by weeks or even months; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- the obligation to adjourn the hearing due to the justified absence of the accused has been lifted. Currently, the trial may be held in the absence of the defendant, if his lawyer is present. This solves a huge problem that causes lengthy court proceedings: using sick leave to adjourn a verdict. In practice, the court sets the date of the hearing, which is attended by numerous witnesses or experts, sometimes from distant places and even from abroad. At the hearing, the defense counsel often unexpectedly submits the accused's sick leave. This makes it impossible to conduct a hearing, and it forces witnesses to come back. The court has to schedule another time-consuming hearing, and the state budget allocates money to reimburse travel costs, accommodation and lost earnings of witnesses or experts. Today it is a common method of judicial obstruction used by criminals and their unethical trial representatives; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- an application for evidence (e.g. a document, calling a witness) submitted after the deadline will, in principle, be rejected. The only exception is when the evidence determines the criminal liability of the perpetrator, which is a consequence of the primacy of the principle of truth in the trial. So far, late submission of the application for evidence has not had any consequences; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- waiver of the obligation to interview all victims of a crime. The necessity to interrogate all victims in cases involving hundreds or even thousands of people was a serious burden for the police and the prosecutor's office in investigations and investigations. These include, for example, online fraud, pyramid schemes, moneylenders or the sale of a whole series of defective goods. In such cases, the hundredth or thousandth victim, as a rule, does not introduce any new facts into the proceedings, but only repeats the already established facts; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- a possibility was introduced to refrain from direct questioning of witnesses who are known not to bring anything significant to the case. Then it is enough to read the testimony of such a witness before the prosecutor at the hearing; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- possibility of presenting new evidence during appeal procedure has been limiting. This will only be allowed if the appellant could not have requested the taking of evidence before the first instance court (e.g. the witness was abroad) or the fact he / she wants to prove could not have been the subject of the original proceedings; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- everyone will be allowed to indicate a post office box for the effective delivery of pleadings (e.g. court, prosecutor, police). It is a convenience both for the persons notified (e.g. parties to the proceedings, victims, witnesses) and for the judicial institutions. Before such deliveries were made personally to the recipient, handed over to a household member or left for collection at the post office; </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">- disabled persons have been allowed to authorise any selected person to receive court correspondence at the post office.<a href="#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref13"><sup><sup><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[13]</span></span></span></sup></sup></a></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The survey conducted among judges by the Ministry of Justice shows that the vast majority assessed the changes in the criminal procedure positively.<a href="#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin:0cm; text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">4.3. Main controversies</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin:0cm; text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">However, the main subject of controversy, which is also discussed in EU institutions and countries abroad, are changes in the area of ​​the judiciary system, which significantly increase the role of the legislative and executive bodies in the daily activities of courts. In our opinion, these changes fall within the limits of the regulatory freedom provided to the parliament by the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the EU treaties.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">The essence of the dispute over the judiciary in Poland concerns the method of appointing judges. Most of the opposition parties and a significant part of the legal community are of the opinion that the judges appointed after 2018 were illegally elected, and that their judgments are invalid. This position results from a change in the procedure for appointing judges in 2018. However, all such allegations must be deemed unfounded, due to the following reasons.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Pursuant to the Article 179 of the Polish Constitution, judges are appointed by the President of the Republic of Poland at the request of the National Council of the Judiciary (NCJ), which holds competitions for judicial positions. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">The Council consists of 25 members representing various branches of power (legislative, executive and judiciary): 15 judges, the President of the Supreme Administrative Court, the First President of the Supreme Court, 4 MPs, 2 senators, the Minister of Justice and a person appointed by the President.<a href="#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a> Until 2018, 15 members of the National Council of the Judiciary were elected by judiciary corporations. Since 2018, these 15 judges have been elected by the Sejm (first chamber of the parliament) by a majority of 3/5 votes.<a href="#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a> Thus, currently 21 out of 25 members of the National Council of the Judiciary are elected by the parliament. The legality of such a solution was confirmed by the Constitutional Tribunal in the judgment of 25 March 2019, K 12/18, in which it has been underlined that Article 187 (1) of the Polish Constitution <b>does not specify </b>which body is to select the 15 judge-members of the NCJ or what procedure is to be used. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">According to some of the opposition and legal circles, this method of selecting the National Council of the Judiciary automatically means that all judges appointed in the new procedure are dependent on politicians, and thus do not meet the requirements of independence.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">In our opinion, the very method of selecting the National Council of the Judiciary does not prejudge the judge's lack of independence. Competitions for judges' positions are still open, the requirements for a judge are strictly defined in the provisions of the Act, which include the requirement of legal education, completion of a 3-year judicial training at the National School of Judiciary and Public Prosecution and passing a judge's examination. Moreover, the co-option mechanism, based on election of judges to NCJ by other judges, cannot be regarded as a guarantee of their independence. It leads to a situation in which the check and balance principle becomes illusory, as the judiciary is completely separated from the rest.<a href="#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a> Moreover, it should be noted that the National Council of the Judiciary has its counterparts in many European Union countries - but there are also those in which there is no such council (e.g. Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic), and judicial appointments and promotions are decided mainly by politicians (this is the case in Germany at the federal level and in most <i>Länder</i>). Polish regulations resemble Spanish solutions the most - judges also have the advantage in the judicial council there (in Spain this majority is 12 - 8; in Poland 17 - 8), who are also elected by the parliament for a joint term of office, by a majority of ⅗ votes.</span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">There are numerous examples of judges appointed after 2018 who ruled against the ruling party. For example, in 2019 the Extraordinary Control and Public Affairs Chamber of the Supreme Court - composed entirely of judges appointed at the request of the new National Council of the Judiciary - refused to invalidate the elections to the Senate, won by the opposition, despite the fact that it was brought by the Law and Justice party.</span></span></span><a href="#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"> In 2020, judge Renata Żukowska, promoted to district court by the new NCJ, refused to consent to the temporary arrest of lawyer Roman Giertych (representing many opposition politicians), despite the fact that the Prosecutor General supported such a measure.</span></span></span><a href="#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftnref19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Out of approximately 10,000 judges in Poland, only a few hundred were appointed at the request of the new National Council of the Judiciary. Even if one has reservations about the current NCJ, it is simply unfounded to consider the entire Polish judiciary as discredited and deprived of any independence solely on this basis.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b>Conclusion</b></span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">The Ordo Iuris Institute assesses the changes in the judiciary in Poland moderately positively, although not all the expected results have been achieved. There are no grounds to question the independence of the judiciary due to the new way of appointing judges. There are, however, serious reasons to believe that European institutions represent selective approach in regard of assessment rule of law in certain Member States. </span></span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"> </p> <p style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm 0cm 8pt; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">Prepared by the International Law Center of the Ordo Iuris Institute</span></span></span></p> <div>  <div id="ftn19"> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/analyses_block/field--node--body--analiza-prawna.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-zdjecie2--analiza-prawna.html.twig * field--node--field-zdjecie2.html.twig * field--node--analiza-prawna.html.twig * field--field-zdjecie2.html.twig * field--image.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/analyses_block/field--node--field-zdjecie2--analiza-prawna.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * image-formatter--node--analiza-prawna--field-zdjecie2.html.twig x image-formatter.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/artykul_full/public/2020-12/AdobeStock_228179241.jpeg?itok=fJ3a3aNW" width="250" height="125" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/analyses_block/field--node--field-zdjecie2--analiza-prawna.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-kategoria--analiza-prawna.html.twig * field--node--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--node--analiza-prawna.html.twig * field--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/analyses_block/field--node--field-kategoria--analiza-prawna.html.twig' --> Civil liberties <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/analyses_block/field--node--field-kategoria--analiza-prawna.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tagi--analiza-prawna.html.twig x field--node--field-tagi.html.twig * field--node--analiza-prawna.html.twig * field--field-tagi.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> <hr> <ul class="tags_list"> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/ordo-iuris" hreflang="pl">Ordo Iuris</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/court" hreflang="pl">court</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/judicary" hreflang="pl">judicary</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/euroean-parliament" hreflang="pl">euroean parliament</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/european-union" hreflang="pl">European Union</a></li> </ul> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-przypisy--analiza-prawna.html.twig * field--node--field-przypisy.html.twig * field--node--analiza-prawna.html.twig * field--field-przypisy.html.twig * field--text-long.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div><div id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">See: Proposal for a regulation of the EuropeanParliament and of the Council on general regime of conditionality for the protection of the Union budget, </span><a href="https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-12616-2020-INIT/en/pdf" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-12616-2020-INIT/en/pdf</span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> (26.11.2020). </span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Opinion of the Legal Service of the Council of the European Union no. 10296/14 of 27 May 2014, para. 17, </span><a href="https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-10296-2014-INIT/en/pdf" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-10296-2014-INIT/en/pdf</span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> (26.11.2020). </span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Judgment of 19 November 2019, C-585/18, C-624/18 i C-625/18. </span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Decision of 8 April 2020, C‑791/19. </span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn5"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Judgment of 9 November 2019, C-192/18. </span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn6"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Press release of 20 December 2017: Rule of Law: EuropeanCommissionacts to defendjudicialindependence in Poland, </span><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_17_5367" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_17_5367</span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> (access: 26.11.2020).</span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn7"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> Press release of 3 April 2019: Rule of Law: EuropeanCommissionlaunchesinfringementprocedure to protectjudges in Poland from politicalcontrol, </span><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_19_1957" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_19_1957</span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> (access: 26.11.2020).</span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn8"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><i><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Spainrefusesimmunity for Catalanseparatist MEP Junqueras, </span></i><a href="https://www.dw.com/en/spain-refuses-immunity-for-catalan-separatist-mep-junqueras/a-51943973" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">https://www.dw.com/en/spain-refuses-immunity-for-catalan-separatist-mep-junqueras/a-51943973</span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> (access: 26.11.2020). </span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn9"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Amnesty International report regardinghumanrights in France, </span><a href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/europe-and-central-asia/france/report-france/" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/europe-and-central-asia/france/report-france/</span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> (access: 26.11.2020).</span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn10"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice database. </span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn11"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a> <span lang="EN" style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif" xml:lang="EN">Report on the examination of the process of selecting candidates for vacant judicial positions by the National Council of the Judiciary: </span><i><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Skąd biorą się sędziowie?,  </span></i><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">vol. 2 (2018), PDF available at </span><a href="https://courtwatch.pl/projekty/publikacje/" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">https://courtwatch.pl/projekty/publikacje/</span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> (30.11.2020). </span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn12"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">See: Government’spresscomunication: <i>Szybkie i sprawniej działające sądy – reforma Kpc wchodzi w życie</i>, 6 November 2019, </span><a href="https://www.gov.pl/web/sprawiedliwosc/szybkie-i-sprawniej-dzialajace-sady--reforma-kpc-wchodzi-w-zycie" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">https://www.gov.pl/web/sprawiedliwosc/szybkie-i-sprawniej-dzialajace-sady--reforma-kpc-wchodzi-w-zycie</span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">  (access: 16.11.2020).</span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn13"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">See: Government’s press comunication: <i>Reforma procesu karnego – prezydent podpisał ustawę przygotowaną przez Ministerstwo Sprawiedliwości, </i>19 August 2019, </span><a href="https://www.gov.pl/web/sprawiedliwosc/reforma-procesu-karnego--prezydent-podpisal-ustawe-przygotowana-przez-ministerstwo-sprawiedliwosci" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">https://www.gov.pl/web/sprawiedliwosc/reforma-procesu-karnego--prezydent-podpisal-ustawe-przygotowana-przez-ministerstwo-sprawiedliwosci</span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> (access: 16.11.2020).</span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn14"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> P. Szymaniak, P. Słowik, <i>Reforma karna: Sędziowie za, adwokaci niekoniecznie, </i>„Dziennik Gazeta Prawna”, 19 November 2020, </span><a href="https://prawo.gazetaprawna.pl/artykuly/1496611,kodeks-postepowania-karnego-reforma-srodowisko-sedziowskie.html" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">https://prawo.gazetaprawna.pl/artykuly/1496611,kodeks-postepowania-karnego-reforma-srodowisko-sedziowskie.html</span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> (access: 26.11.2020).</span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn15"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Article 187 (1) of the Constitution. </span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn16"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">267 MPs voted in favor of the new composition of the National Council of the Judiciary, nobody voted against and two deputies abstained.</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Majority of opposition </span><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">clubs: PO, Nowoczesna and PSL-UED did not take part in the vote. The required majority of three-fifths of the votes was 162 votes.234 PiS MPs, 27 Kukiz'15 MPs, five WiS MPs and one non-attached MP Jan Klawiter voted in favor. Two MPs abstained. </span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn17"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">In 2004, judicial corporatism was also criticized by prof.Andrzej Rzepliński, who emphasized that the National Council of the Judiciary cannot be  "some kind of union of judges", A. Rzepliński, <i>Żebysięsędziomchciałochcieć, </i>“Gazeta Wyborcza”, 6 February 2004, quoted after </span><a href="http://stowarzyszenieprzeciwbezprawiu.pl/images/stories/zebySedziom.pdf" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">http://stowarzyszenieprzeciwbezprawiu.pl/images/stories/zebySedziom.pdf</span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">  (access: 16.11.2020).</span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn18"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">Decisions of Supreme Court of: 29 October 2020, Ref. No. I NSW 103/19; 30 October 2020, Ref. No. I NSW 117/19, I NSW 118/18​; 6 November 2020, Ref. No. ​I NSW 102/19.</span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn19"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align:justify; margin:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><a href="#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline" title="" id="_ftn19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align:super"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> P. Żytnicki, <i>Sędzia Żurowska nokautuje prokuraturę w sprawie Giertycha. Wcześniej dostała laurkę od neo-KRS</i>, „Gazeta Wyborcza”, 18 October 2020, </span><a href="https://poznan.wyborcza.pl/poznan/7,36001,26408397,sedzia-postawila-sie-prokuraturze-w-sprawie-giertycha-kilka.html" style="color:#0563c1; text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif">https://poznan.wyborcza.pl/poznan/7,36001,26408397,sedzia-postawila-sie-prokuraturze-w-sprawie-giertycha-kilka.html</span></a><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"> (access: 16.11.2020).</span></span></span></p> </div> </div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> Tue, 01 Dec 2020 12:29:08 +0000 filip.bator 1146 at https://en.ordoiuris.pl Manipulation of LGBT activists. Co-author of the fake news on pro-family local governments avoids trial https://en.ordoiuris.pl/family-and-marriage/manipulation-lgbt-activists-co-author-fake-news-pro-family-local-governments <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Manipulation of LGBT activists. Co-author of the fake news on pro-family local governments avoids trial <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/116" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">filip.bator</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>pt., 10/02/2020 - 16:14</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Polish local governments that have adopted pro-family resolutions are still being attacked by LGBT activists. The Ordo Iuris Institute, on behalf of the local authorities, filed a lawsuit against the authors of the 'Atlas of Hate', a publication that falsely accuses local governments of discriminating against people with homosexual tendencies. One of the activists, who created the 'Atlas of Hate' obstructs the proceedings by avoiding the receipt of a copy of the lawsuit. Another representative of the LGBT movement Bartosz Staszewski also joined the disinformation campaign, which repeated fake news about the alleged existence of 'LGBT-free zones' in Poland and included details the detention of Michał Sz., a.k.a. 'Margot'. The Institute has also taken legal action in connection with his activities.</span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">In November 2019, a group of LGBT ideologues, in the European Parliament presented the so-called "Atlas of Hate" containing a map indicating almost 100 Polish local governments that adopted pro-family resolutions, including the m.in. Self-Governing Charter of Family Rights. The 'Atlas of Hate' denounces these local authorities that implement the pro-family documents, suggesting that they contain laws discriminating against people with homosexual tendencies and calling them 'LGBT-free zones'. Such defamatory information has appeared in many Polish and foreign media. Importantly, the Local Government Charter of Family Rights does not address the issue of sexual tendencies, nor does it violate the principle of equal treatment of any group. According to the lawyers of the Ordo Iuris Institute, this manner of presentation of local authorities that take action to support the family, parents and children constitutes a violation of their personal rights and undermines the trust necessary for the proper performance of the tasks of local government.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Another manipulation perpetrated by the authors of the publication was the juxtaposition of resolutions on the implementation of the Local Government Charter of Family Rights with the standpoints of other local governments expressing opposition to the demands of the LGBT ideology. In this way, the neutral Charter was deemed as part of the political struggle against the programme of Warsaw's 'LGBT Declaration'.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">In March 2020, The Ordo Iuris Institute has announced that it will take legal action against the authors of the 'Atlas' on behalf of the local authorities. The Institute prepared lawsuits on behalf of the six defamed local government units that implemented the Charter. The first lawsuits have been already submitted to the competent Regional Courts. Ordo Iuris demands the publication of a statement apologising for the allegations. The Institute also demands that the statement is read before the European Parliament and at a conference at seat of the Polish Press Agency. Last but not least, the statement should be disseminated.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">In the case brought by the poviat of Przysucha ('poviat' is a Polish administrative unit), which was placed in the 'Atlas', the Regional Court in Radom effectively served copies of the lawsuit on two defendants who responded to it within the legal deadline. In the case of the third defendant, Paulina P., the service of a copy of the lawsuit proved impossible, because so far she has evaded receipt of the document. The court obliged the representatives of the poviat of Przysucha to service on the third defendant a copy of the lawsuit through a bailiff, under pain of suspension of the proceedings in the event of ineffective service. As the bailiff informed in his recent correspondence on the subject, he failed to effectively deliver the document despite sending an email to the defendant's current email address. Since the other authors of the 'Atlas of Hate' received copies of the lawsuit, Paulina P., according to the Institute's lawyers, is aware that she is among the three defendants. The woman's conduct is clearly aimed at suspending the ongoing proceedings.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">The publication of the 'Atlas' was most likely the inspiration for the actions taken by the LGBT activist Bartosz Staszewski. As early as in March 2020, just a few months after the presentation of the 'Atlas', he launched the initiative of placing deceitful signs informing about the alleged 'LGBT-free zones' at the entrances to the villages where pro-family resolutions were adopted. This false information has been repeated by numerous foreign media and politicians and has provoked reactions at international level. MEP Guy Verhofstadt was one of the people who spread it on Twitter. According to Tygodnik Solidarność (a Polish weekly magazine), Swedish LGBT organisations even asked the Polish embassy to remove the signs, unaware that Bartosz Staszewski was responsible for their appearance. Ordo Iuris' lawyers notified the Police about Staszewski's actions, as there is a possibility that he committed a misdemeanour of an unauthorised placement of road signs. (Article 85 § 1 of the Petty Offences Code).</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Another manipulation by the activist is connected with the arrest of the LGBT activist Michał Sz. a.k.a. 'Margot'. Staszewski reported that 'Margot' was arrested for hanging the flag of the LGBT movement on the statue of Christ at Warsaw's Krakowskie Przedmieście (one of the most representative streets of Warsaw). He was also one of the people who vouched for Michał Sz. In reality, the activist was taken into custody on charges of causing bodily harm, damage to property and participation in an illegal gathering.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Kategoria } <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--image.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * image-formatter--node--aktualnosc--field-zdjecie.html.twig x image-formatter.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/artykul_full/public/2020-10/AdobeStock_9196211.jpeg?itok=cpDZ401d" width="250" height="125" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div>Adobe Stock</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tagi--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--field-tagi.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-tagi.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> <hr> <ul class="tags_list"> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/pro-life-0" hreflang="pl">pro life</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/bartosz-staszewski" hreflang="pl">Bartosz Staszewski</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/lgbt" hreflang="pl">LGBT</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/court" hreflang="pl">court</a></li> </ul> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> Fri, 02 Oct 2020 14:14:42 +0000 filip.bator 1130 at https://en.ordoiuris.pl Family from the Netherlands safe in Poland. Ordo Iuris in defence of the parents of a disabled boy https://en.ordoiuris.pl/family-and-marriage/family-netherlands-safe-poland-ordo-iuris-defence-parents-disabled-boy <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Family from the Netherlands safe in Poland. Ordo Iuris in defence of the parents of a disabled boy <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/116" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">filip.bator</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>pon., 09/28/2020 - 15:02</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">The Regional Court in Warsaw did not agree to extradite Ekaterina and Conrad den Hertog - parents of a boy with autism who fled to Poland with their son - to the Dutch authorities. In the Netherlands, the boy was groundlessly taken from his parents when he started showing signs of a developmental disorder. The married couple decided to flee with Martin to Poland and submit an application for asylum and legal protection. The Polish court found that in the Netherlands the rights and freedoms of the parents were severely violated. Furthermore, there are serious doubts about the independence of the Dutch courts and a risk that in the Netherlands the boy could be euthanised. The parents were provided with legal aid by the Ordo Iuris Institute.</span></span></strong></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Ekaterina and Conrad den Hertog are a Russian-Australian couple who have lived in the Netherlands for years. In February 2018 Martin was forcibly taken from the family home in the middle of the night. His developmental disorders such as a lack of communication with peers or outbursts of anger were given as the reason. The boy was diagnosed with a severe form of autism, which caused this behaviour. However, it was mistakenly considered as a sign of alleged parental neglect and abuse.</span></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">Martin was abruptly separated from his parents without the consent of relevant authorities. For over a year, Ekaterina and Conrad had limited opportunities for contact with their son. As a result of the fight for the child, the parents were allowed to see the boy for several hours a month. During the meetings, Martin showed great joy in contact with his mother and father. Due to the separation, the child experienced a significant developmental regression. During the meetings with his parents, the boy expressed his will to run away. Ekaterina and Conrad decided to leave everything they own and go with their son to Poland in order to provide him with proper care and rehabilitation, i.e. with something that the Dutch social services did not care about.</span></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">The authorities of the Kingdom of the Netherlands sent a European Arrest Warrant for the parents. The Regional Court in Warsaw did not decide to extradite the family. The decision was caused by doubts as to whether the Dutch courts were completely independent from other authorities. Moreover, the court indicated that the parents' rights and freedoms had been severely violated, and that their return to the Netherlands may result in further violations. Due to Dutch legislation, the boy may even be euthanised. The court also pointed out that all the evidence indicates that Martin's proper development occurs only in his biological family.</span></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">This is a yet another case in which parents whose rights have been violated in other countries seek legal protection in Poland. The Ordo Iuris Institute had previously intervened, for example, in the case of the Norwegian Silje Garmo, who came to Poland with her daughter, and the Russian Denis Lisow, who fled Sweden with his three daughters.</span></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">'The decision of the Regional Court in Warsaw confirms that the Polish authorities uphold the rights and freedoms guaranteed in a number of acts of international law. The justification of the Polish court is actually an indictment against the Dutch authorities. In the oral justification, the court pointed to a systemic problem present in the Kingdom of the Netherlands where some children are groundlessly taken from their family homes. Comprehensive opinions of great experts in the field of developmental disorders unequivocally confirmed that Martin's well-being can be achieved only thanks to his stay with Ekaterina and Conrad, and that the parents have all the competences necessary to provide their son with appropriate care and education,' emphasises attorney Bartosz Lewandowski, Ph.D., Director of the Ordo Iuris Process Intervention Centre and one of the family representatives.</span></span></span></span></p> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Kategoria } <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--image.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * image-formatter--node--aktualnosc--field-zdjecie.html.twig x image-formatter.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/artykul_full/public/2020-09/AdobeStock_309609532.jpeg?itok=9tyx3UC6" width="250" height="125" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div>Adobe Stock</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tagi--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--field-tagi.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-tagi.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> <hr> <ul class="tags_list"> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/ordo-iuris" hreflang="pl">Ordo Iuris</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/netherlands" hreflang="pl">the Netherlands</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/family" hreflang="pl">family</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/court" hreflang="pl">court</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/warsaw" hreflang="pl">Warsaw</a></li> </ul> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> Mon, 28 Sep 2020 13:02:09 +0000 filip.bator 1126 at https://en.ordoiuris.pl The Polish court wants the waiver of the immunity for Guy Verhofstadt https://en.ordoiuris.pl/freedom-conscience/polish-court-wants-waiver-immunity-guy-verhofstadt <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--title.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--title.html.twig * field--string.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> The Polish court wants the waiver of the immunity for Guy Verhofstadt <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--title--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--uid--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--uid.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--uid.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <span> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'username' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> <span lang="" about="/user/116" typeof="schema:Person" property="schema:name" datatype="">filip.bator</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/user/username.html.twig' --> </span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--uid.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--created--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--created.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field--created.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <span>wt., 10/29/2019 - 15:29</span> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field--node--created.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'links__node' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * links--node.html.twig x links.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/navigation/links.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--body.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--body.html.twig * field--text-with-summary.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><strong><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">The District Court for Warsaw – Śródmieście decided to apply for the European Parliament for the waiver of the immunity for Guy Verhofstadt. The Belgian politician in 2017 called the participants of the Independence March “fascists, Neo-Nazis and white supremacists”. The private indictment, on behalf of dr Bawera Aondo-Akaa, was filed by layers from the Ordo Iuris Institute.</span></span></span></strong></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">In May 2019, the District Court for Warsaw – Śródmieście issued a decision on the discontinuation of the proceedings, indicating that allegedly there were no legal bases to submit the request of the victim for the waiver of the immunity for Guy Verhofstadt, the Member of the European Parliament. Therefore, the court did not allow the prosecution of the entity.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">The complaint against this decision was filed by Ordo Iuris employees, accusing of the infringement of a number of provisions of the European Parliament's Rules of Procedure by Verhofstadt and indicating the cutting the prosecutor off the right to court. The District Court in Warsaw fully concurred with the complaint and waived the decision of the District Court, indicating that it has the obligation to request the President of the European Parliament for initiating the procedure of the waiver of the immunity protecting Guy Verhofstadt. Therefore, the court of thirst instance issued a final decision on filing the request to the European Parliament for the waiver of the immunity for Guy Verhofstadt, the Member of the European Parliament.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">“The entitlement of the common court to file the request for waiver of the immunity for the Member of the European Parliament constitutes the implementation of the citizen's right to be heard by the court. Adopting the opposite interpretation, asserting one’s own rights the Member of the European Parliament would appear as a right of only formal nature which may never be effective. We are expecting the position of the President of the European Parliament” – said Filip Wołoszczak, a lawyer from the Ordo Iuris Litigation Center.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="text-align-justify" style="text-align:justify; margin-right:0cm; margin-left:0cm"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt" xml:lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif">“Unfortunately, due to procedural independence and inaction of the Polish court, bringing to justice Guy Verhofstadt for defamatory statements addressed to dr Bawera Aondo-Akaa lasted almost two years. We hope that the Member of the European Parliament during the meeting of the European Parliament will explain to the victim why he used towards her such kind of offensive statements. Maybe the debate in the European Parliament will lead him to reflection and even apologising to the victim for using harmful and unjustified words going far beyond the freedom of expression” – add dr Bartosz Lewandowski, a lawyer from the Ordo Iuris Litigation Center.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--body--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-kategoria.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> Kategoria } <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-kategoria--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: x field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zdjecie.html.twig * field--image.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_formatter' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * image-formatter--node--aktualnosc--field-zdjecie.html.twig x image-formatter.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image_style' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'image' --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <img src="/sites/default/files/styles/artykul_full/public/2019-10/AdobeStock_233422603.jpeg?itok=F-pjiKJo" width="250" height="125" alt="" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-style.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/image-formatter.html.twig' --> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/news_block/field--node--field-zdjecie--aktualnosc.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--node--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-zrodlo-zdjecia.html.twig * field--string.html.twig x field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <div>Adobe Stock</div> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'core/themes/stable/templates/field/field.html.twig' --> <!-- THEME DEBUG --> <!-- THEME HOOK: 'field' --> <!-- FILE NAME SUGGESTIONS: * field--node--field-tagi--aktualnosc.html.twig x field--node--field-tagi.html.twig * field--node--aktualnosc.html.twig * field--field-tagi.html.twig * field--entity-reference.html.twig * field.html.twig --> <!-- BEGIN OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> <hr> <ul class="tags_list"> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/ordo-iuris" hreflang="pl">Ordo Iuris</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/guy-verhofstadt" hreflang="pl">guy verhofstadt</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/court" hreflang="pl">court</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/independence-march" hreflang="pl">independence march</a></li> <li class="label label-ordo2"><a href="/warsaw" hreflang="pl">Warsaw</a></li> </ul> <!-- END OUTPUT from 'themes/custom/ordoiuris/templates/page_node/field--node--field-tagi.html.twig' --> Tue, 29 Oct 2019 14:29:25 +0000 filip.bator 992 at https://en.ordoiuris.pl